The history of the Rock of Monaco

The enchanting story of the Rock of Monaco

The history of the Rock of Monaco

 

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History and heritage of the Rock of Monaco

The Quartier du Rocher, also known as Monaco-Ville, is the historic heart of the Principality of Monaco. Nestled on a rocky promontory, this ancient district is full of history and heritage.

In the sixth century BC, the Massaliotes, Phocaeans from Massalia (now Marseille), founded the colony of Monoïkos on the Rock of Monaco. This colony was associated with Hercules, worshipped as the Hercules Monoecus.

In 1215, a detachment of Ghibellines, led by Fulco del Cassello, undertook the construction of a fortress on the Rock of Monaco with the aim of making it a strategic military position and controlling the region. Dwellings were also established at the base of the Rock to support the garrisons.

On January 8, 1297, Francis Grimaldi, descendant of Otto Canella, consul of Genoa in 1133, seized the fortress. Disguised as a Franciscan monk, he opened the doors to his soldiers and took control of the Rock. From this episode was born his nickname Malizia, which means "malice". The arms of Monaco still bear two Franciscans armed with a sword in reference to this event. It is interesting to note that the city of Monaco takes its name from the term "Monk" in Italian, due to this historical event that gave birth to this current name.

After the accession of Rainier I in 1309, his son Charles I is considered the true founder of Monaco. During his reign, Monaco acquired the lordships of Menton and Roquebrune, which considerably enlarged the territory of the Principality.

Despite setbacks, especially when Rainier II had to give way to the Genoese in 1357, the Grimaldis managed to retake Monaco in 1419 thanks to John I, son of Rainier II. Under Lambert's reign, Monaco was recognized as independent by King Charles VIII of France in 1489, thus establishing the undisputed sovereignty of the Grimaldis over the Principality after almost two centuries since the capture of the fortress by François "La Malizia".

In the following centuries, Monaco went through periods of Spanish protection and had to face significant financial burdens. However, Monaco's independence was confirmed by Louis XII of France, paving the way for a lasting alliance between the Princes of Monaco and the Kings of France.

In 1612, the title "Prince of Monaco" was first used to designate the ruler of the Principality, and Honoré II, son of Hercules, was the first to bear this title. Since then, the Grimaldi dynasty has continued to rule Monaco, preserving its independence and shaping its unique history to the present day.

 

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BEAUTIFUL 2 BEDROOMS APARTMENT - GOOD INVESTMENT 2 bedrooms | 94 sqm

Discover this three-room apartment completely renovated and for mixed use, located in a beautiful building with conciergerie. With a total area of 82 square meters, it offers an entrance hall, a large living / dining room, an equipped kitchen, a bedroom, an office, a dressing room, a bathroom and a balcony of 10m² facing south overlooking the city.

3 690 000 €

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ELEGANT 2 BEDROOM APARTMENT - PORT HERCULES 2 bedrooms | 95 sqm

Discover this three-room apartment located on the 2nd floor of the modern residence "Le Petrel", at 21 Rue Princesse Caroline. This property offers flexibility of use, lending itself to both a home and a professional office, in an idyllic setting on the only pedestrian street in the Principality. Bathed in light and designed with a sleek and delicate aesthetic, this property is located in the immediate vicinity of Port Hercules. It has benefited from a complete renovation, carried out with high quality materials and attention to detail in the finishes.

4 700 000 €

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MIXED-USE STUDIO - LE MONTAIGNE Studio | 25 sqm

Renovated studio on the 5th floor of the residence "Le Montaigne", Carré d'Or. Mixed-use, ideal for home or office. Bright, view of courtyard and garden, close to the Place du Casino.

1 780 000 €

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What is the area of ​​Monaco  The famous principality of Monaco, located in the heart of the French Côte d'Azur and just a few kilometers from Italy, continues to attract citizens from all over the world thanks to its generous Monaco surface area. Its idyllic living environment, the variety of its economic and cultural infrastructures, as well as its international artistic and sporting influence make it a privileged destination, a land of opportunities. Here is some basic geography information to know about the most iconic Rock in the Mediterranean.

cost of living in monaco

Cost of Living in Monaco In 2025, the cost of living in Monaco is estimated to be between 55 and 60% higher than in France. The Principality regularly ranks among the most expensive places in the world, especially for real estate. Today it is almost impossible to find an apartment for sale in Monaco for under one million euros.

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What is Monaco known for? Explore its Famous Sights There are places that captivate the imagination, and then there is Monaco. A sovereign state of just two square kilometers, yet known across the world as a beacon of elegance, prestige, and excellence. Nestled between the Mediterranean and the French Riviera, Monaco has cultivated an identity that is both timeless and forward-thinking, where history and innovation exist in perfect harmony.

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